Enhancing Classroom Discussions: Exploring the Benefits of Turn and Talk Strategy

Classroom discussions play a crucial role in fostering critical thinking, collaboration, and communication skills among students. One effective strategy that can be used to enhance these skills is the Turn and Talk strategy. This technique involves students working in pairs or small groups to discuss a topic or respond to a question before sharing their ideas with the whole class. In this article, we will explore the benefits of the Turn and Talk strategy and how it can be used to create a more engaging and effective learning environment. So, let’s dive in and discover how this simple technique can transform your classroom discussions!

Understanding Turn and Talk Strategy

What is Turn and Talk Strategy?

The Turn and Talk strategy is a widely used teaching technique that involves students discussing a topic or solving a problem with a partner before sharing their thoughts with the whole class. This strategy encourages students to engage in meaningful conversations and helps them build a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

In a Turn and Talk activity, students are typically paired up and given a prompt or question to discuss. They are given a set amount of time to talk, usually between one to two minutes, and then they share their thoughts with the class. The teacher may also facilitate the discussion by asking follow-up questions or encouraging students to elaborate on their ideas.

One of the key benefits of the Turn and Talk strategy is that it helps students develop their communication skills. By discussing ideas with a partner, students learn how to articulate their thoughts and listen actively to others. They also practice using language to explain complex ideas and negotiate differences in opinion.

Additionally, the Turn and Talk strategy promotes student engagement and participation. By allowing students to discuss ideas with a partner, they feel more comfortable sharing their thoughts with the whole class. This can lead to more enthusiastic participation and a greater sense of ownership over the learning process.

Overall, the Turn and Talk strategy is a valuable tool for enhancing classroom discussions and promoting student learning. By giving students the opportunity to discuss ideas with a partner, they can deepen their understanding of the subject matter and develop important communication skills.

How to Implement Turn and Talk Strategy

Implementing the Turn and Talk strategy in the classroom is a straightforward process that can greatly enhance student engagement and comprehension. Here are some steps to help you get started:

1. Begin by introducing the strategy to your students. Explain how it works and the benefits it can bring to their learning experience.
2. Choose a text or passage that you would like your students to discuss. This could be a short story, an article, or a section of a novel.
3. Divide the class into pairs or small groups. This will allow for more focused and meaningful discussions.
4. Set a time limit for the discussion. This will help to keep the conversation focused and prevent it from becoming too lengthy.
5. Give your students a specific question or prompt to guide their discussion. This will help to ensure that they stay on track and cover the important points.
6. Encourage your students to take turns sharing their thoughts and ideas. This will help to ensure that everyone has a chance to participate and that the discussion is truly collaborative.
7. Finally, encourage your students to listen actively to their partner’s ideas and to respond thoughtfully. This will help to create a more productive and engaging discussion.

By following these steps, you can easily implement the Turn and Talk strategy in your classroom and reap the many benefits it offers.

The Role of Teachers in Turn and Talk Strategy

The Turn and Talk strategy is an effective technique that involves students discussing ideas and concepts with their peers, while the teacher facilitates the discussion. The role of the teacher in this strategy is crucial to its success.

One of the primary responsibilities of the teacher is to set clear expectations for the discussion. This includes setting the tone for respectful dialogue, establishing ground rules for participation, and providing guidance on how to effectively engage in a discussion.

Another key responsibility of the teacher is to monitor the discussion and intervene when necessary. This may involve redirecting the conversation if it becomes off-topic, encouraging quieter students to participate, or providing additional information or clarification when needed.

In addition to monitoring the discussion, the teacher must also provide opportunities for students to practice the Turn and Talk strategy in a variety of contexts. This may involve incorporating the strategy into lesson plans, providing opportunities for students to work in small groups, or encouraging students to use the strategy in their own peer discussions.

Finally, the teacher must assess the effectiveness of the Turn and Talk strategy and make adjustments as necessary. This may involve gathering feedback from students, observing classroom discussions, and reflecting on the success of the strategy in meeting the learning objectives.

Overall, the role of the teacher in the Turn and Talk strategy is to create a supportive and structured environment that promotes effective communication and collaboration among students. By effectively implementing this strategy, teachers can enhance classroom discussions and promote deeper learning and understanding among their students.

The Benefits of Turn and Talk Strategy

Increased Engagement and Participation

One of the key benefits of the Turn and Talk strategy is its ability to increase engagement and participation in the classroom. By allowing students to turn to their partner and discuss a particular topic or idea, the strategy helps to foster a sense of collaboration and community in the classroom. This can lead to increased participation from students who may otherwise feel intimidated or unsure about speaking in front of the entire class.

Moreover, the Turn and Talk strategy can also help to improve the quality of student participation. By allowing students to discuss ideas with their partner, they are able to process and organize their thoughts before sharing them with the rest of the class. This can lead to more thoughtful and well-reasoned contributions from students, as they are able to build on the ideas of their partner and receive feedback in real-time.

In addition, the Turn and Talk strategy can also help to create a more inclusive classroom environment. By giving all students the opportunity to participate in discussions, the strategy helps to ensure that everyone has a voice and feels valued in the classroom. This can be particularly beneficial for students who may be shy or introverted, as it provides them with a lower-stress environment in which to contribute their ideas.

Overall, the Turn and Talk strategy is a powerful tool for increasing engagement and participation in the classroom. By fostering a sense of collaboration and community, and providing students with the opportunity to process and organize their thoughts, the strategy can help to create a more inclusive and dynamic learning environment.

Improved Academic Achievement

Boosting Student Engagement

One of the primary advantages of implementing the turn and talk strategy in the classroom is the improvement in academic achievement. This can be attributed to increased student engagement, which is a crucial factor in the learning process. By actively participating in classroom discussions, students are more likely to retain information, develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter, and become more interested in the learning process.

Encouraging Active Participation

The turn and talk strategy encourages active participation from all students, including those who may not feel comfortable speaking in front of their peers. This helps to create a more inclusive learning environment, where every student feels valued and has the opportunity to contribute to the discussion. As a result, students are more likely to take ownership of their learning and feel motivated to succeed academically.

Developing Critical Thinking Skills

The turn and talk strategy also promotes the development of critical thinking skills in students. By engaging in discussions with their peers, students are exposed to different perspectives and ideas, which helps them to analyze information, evaluate arguments, and make informed decisions. This is particularly important in today’s rapidly changing world, where the ability to think critically is becoming increasingly essential.

Fostering Collaboration and Teamwork

Finally, the turn and talk strategy helps to foster collaboration and teamwork among students. By working together to solve problems and discuss ideas, students learn to communicate effectively, listen actively, and respect different opinions. These skills are essential for success in both academic and professional settings, and they can help students to build strong relationships with their peers and colleagues in the future.

Overall, the benefits of the turn and talk strategy in terms of improved academic achievement are clear. By promoting student engagement, active participation, critical thinking skills, and collaboration, this teaching strategy can have a significant impact on student learning and academic success.

Development of Soft Skills

Fostering Active Listening and Empathy

One of the key benefits of the Turn and Talk strategy is its ability to foster active listening and empathy among students. By requiring students to engage in brief conversations with a partner before sharing their thoughts with the larger group, the strategy encourages them to listen carefully to their peers’ ideas and perspectives. This helps students develop their listening skills, as they must pay close attention to what their partner is saying in order to respond thoughtfully.

Furthermore, the Turn and Talk strategy also promotes empathy by encouraging students to consider others’ viewpoints. By discussing ideas with a partner and acknowledging their perspective, students learn to appreciate the diversity of thought in the classroom and become more open-minded and respectful of others’ opinions.

Enhancing Communication Skills

Another advantage of the Turn and Talk strategy is its potential to enhance students’ communication skills. Through repeated practice, students become more comfortable and confident in articulating their thoughts and ideas, both in one-on-one conversations and in larger group discussions. Additionally, the strategy encourages students to use clear and concise language when sharing their ideas, which helps them to improve their overall communication skills.

Building Confidence and Self-Expression

The Turn and Talk strategy can also help build students’ confidence and encourage self-expression. By providing a safe and supportive environment for students to share their thoughts and ideas, the strategy helps to boost their confidence and reduce anxiety about speaking in front of others. Additionally, the strategy encourages students to express themselves in a variety of ways, including through verbal contributions, written responses, and physical gestures, which helps to build their self-expression skills.

Cultivating Collaboration and Teamwork

Finally, the Turn and Talk strategy can help to cultivate collaboration and teamwork among students. By working in pairs to discuss ideas and perspectives, students learn to collaborate effectively and to build on each other’s strengths. This helps to foster a sense of community in the classroom and encourages students to work together towards a common goal. Additionally, the strategy encourages students to share their ideas and perspectives openly and respectfully, which helps to build a positive and inclusive classroom environment.

Fostering a Positive Classroom Environment

The turn and talk strategy is an effective way to create a positive classroom environment that promotes active participation and engagement among students. By encouraging students to share their thoughts and ideas with their peers, this strategy helps to build a sense of community and collaboration in the classroom. Here are some of the ways in which the turn and talk strategy can foster a positive classroom environment:

• Encourages Active Participation: One of the primary benefits of the turn and talk strategy is that it encourages active participation from all students. By requiring students to share their thoughts and ideas with their peers, this strategy helps to ensure that every student has a voice in the classroom. This can help to build a sense of confidence and self-esteem among students who may otherwise feel hesitant to speak up in class.
• Promotes Respectful Discussion: The turn and talk strategy also promotes respectful discussion among students. By encouraging students to listen to and consider the perspectives of their peers, this strategy helps to build a sense of empathy and understanding in the classroom. This can help to create a more positive and inclusive learning environment, where all students feel valued and respected.
• Encourages Critical Thinking: Another benefit of the turn and talk strategy is that it encourages critical thinking among students. By requiring students to think critically about the material being discussed, this strategy helps to develop their analytical and problem-solving skills. This can help to prepare students for success in higher education and beyond.
• Builds Social Skills: Finally, the turn and talk strategy can help to build social skills among students. By encouraging them to interact with their peers in a respectful and constructive manner, this strategy helps to develop their communication and collaboration skills. This can help to prepare students for success in their personal and professional lives, as they will be better equipped to work effectively with others.

Addressing Challenges and Obstacles

Common Challenges in Implementing Turn and Talk Strategy

• Resistance to Change: One of the most common challenges in implementing the Turn and Talk strategy is resistance to change from both teachers and students. Teachers may be hesitant to abandon traditional lecture-based teaching methods, while students may find it difficult to adjust to a new way of learning.
• Time Constraints: Another challenge is the time constraint associated with the Turn and Talk strategy. Teachers may find it difficult to fit in all the discussions and reflections they want to have within the limited class time available.
• Managing Disruptive Behaviors: Managing disruptive behaviors during Turn and Talk discussions can also be a challenge. Some students may dominate the conversation, while others may struggle to contribute, leading to frustration and disengagement.
• Monitoring Student Progress: Monitoring student progress and understanding the impact of the Turn and Talk strategy on student learning can also be challenging. Teachers need to develop strategies to assess student engagement and understanding during the discussions and provide feedback to support their growth.

Strategies to Overcome Challenges

When implementing the Turn and Talk strategy in the classroom, there may be several challenges and obstacles that teachers and students may face. However, by utilizing certain strategies, these challenges can be overcome and the benefits of the Turn and Talk strategy can be fully realized.

• Encouraging participation: One of the main challenges of the Turn and Talk strategy is encouraging participation from all students. To overcome this challenge, teachers can model the behavior they want to see, actively listen to students’ ideas, and create a safe and supportive classroom environment where all students feel comfortable sharing their thoughts.
• Managing classroom discussion: Another challenge of the Turn and Talk strategy is managing the classroom discussion and ensuring that all students have an opportunity to speak. To overcome this challenge, teachers can use strategies such as setting time limits for each student’s response, using a talking stick or other visual cue to indicate whose turn it is to speak, and encouraging students to build on each other’s ideas.
• Addressing language barriers: For students who are English language learners or have other language barriers, the Turn and Talk strategy can be challenging. To overcome this challenge, teachers can provide students with visual aids or sentence frames to support their understanding, and encourage students to use body language and gestures to communicate their ideas.
• Managing off-task behavior: During classroom discussions, some students may engage in off-task behavior such as talking out of turn or not paying attention. To overcome this challenge, teachers can establish clear expectations for behavior during classroom discussions, provide students with structured opportunities to participate, and use strategies such as cold call or random selection to ensure that all students are engaged in the discussion.

By using these strategies, teachers can overcome the challenges and obstacles associated with the Turn and Talk strategy and create a more inclusive and engaging classroom environment where all students can benefit from active participation in classroom discussions.

Integrating Turn and Talk Strategy in Different Subject Areas

Language Arts

The turn and talk strategy can be especially beneficial in language arts classrooms as it promotes critical thinking, fosters collaboration, and encourages active participation from all students. By incorporating this strategy into language arts lessons, teachers can create a more engaging and dynamic learning environment that supports the development of important language skills.

Here are some ways that the turn and talk strategy can be used in language arts:

• Building Vocabulary: During a reading or literature lesson, students can be paired up and take turns sharing their understanding of a new word or concept. This not only reinforces their own learning but also provides an opportunity for peer teaching and collaboration.
• Analyzing Text: When analyzing a piece of literature, students can be divided into small groups and asked to discuss specific elements of the text such as the theme, characters, or plot. The turn and talk strategy allows for a more in-depth exploration of the text and promotes active engagement with the material.
• Developing Writing Skills: In writing workshops, students can use the turn and talk strategy to brainstorm ideas, share feedback, and revise their work. This collaborative approach can help students develop their writing skills and build confidence in their abilities.
• Exploring Perspectives: When studying different viewpoints or opinions, students can be asked to take turns sharing their own perspective and then discussing how it compares to others. This can help students develop critical thinking skills and encourage empathy and understanding of different perspectives.

Overall, the turn and talk strategy can be a powerful tool in language arts classrooms as it encourages active participation, promotes critical thinking, and fosters collaboration among students. By incorporating this strategy into lessons, teachers can create a more engaging and dynamic learning environment that supports the development of important language skills.

Mathematics

Mathematics is often perceived as a subject that is best taught through lectures and problem-solving exercises. However, incorporating the turn and talk strategy in mathematics lessons can enhance students’ understanding and engagement in the subject. Here are some ways to integrate the turn and talk strategy in mathematics:

Promoting Active Participation

The turn and talk strategy can be used to promote active participation in mathematics lessons. By asking students to discuss mathematical concepts with their peers, they are more likely to engage in the lesson and take ownership of their learning. For example, a teacher can ask students to work in pairs to solve a problem and then share their solutions with the class.

Building Conceptual Understanding

Mathematics is a subject that requires conceptual understanding, and the turn and talk strategy can help students develop this understanding. By discussing mathematical concepts with their peers, students can clarify their own thinking and gain a deeper understanding of the material. For example, a teacher can ask students to explain their reasoning behind a mathematical solution and then discuss it as a class.

Encouraging Collaboration

Collaboration is an essential skill in mathematics, and the turn and talk strategy can help students develop this skill. By working in pairs or small groups, students can share their ideas and perspectives, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of the material. For example, a teacher can ask students to work in groups to solve a complex problem and then present their solutions to the class.

Providing Feedback

The turn and talk strategy can also be used to provide feedback to students in mathematics lessons. By discussing their work with their peers, students can receive constructive feedback that can help them improve their understanding of the material. For example, a teacher can ask students to share their work with the class and provide feedback on their calculations or reasoning.

Overall, the turn and talk strategy can be a valuable tool in mathematics lessons, helping students to engage more actively, build conceptual understanding, collaborate with their peers, and receive feedback on their work.

Science

The turn and talk strategy can be especially beneficial in the science classroom, where students often need to explain complex scientific concepts and engage in critical thinking. Here are some ways in which the turn and talk strategy can be used in science classrooms:

• Explanation of scientific concepts: In science, students are often required to explain complex scientific concepts to their peers. The turn and talk strategy can be used to facilitate this process by allowing students to discuss and explain the concepts in pairs before sharing their understanding with the whole class.
• Critical thinking: Science requires students to engage in critical thinking and analyze scientific data. The turn and talk strategy can be used to encourage students to discuss and analyze scientific data, share their opinions and come to a consensus on a particular topic.
• Problem-solving: Science often involves problem-solving, and the turn and talk strategy can be used to help students work through problems together. By discussing their ideas and approaches in pairs, students can develop a deeper understanding of the problem and work collaboratively to find a solution.
• Lab experiments: In science, lab experiments are an essential part of the learning process. The turn and talk strategy can be used to help students reflect on their lab experiences and share their observations and conclusions with their peers.

Overall, the turn and talk strategy can help students develop a deeper understanding of scientific concepts, engage in critical thinking, and work collaboratively to solve problems. By incorporating this strategy into science lessons, teachers can create a more interactive and engaging learning environment that fosters student engagement and critical thinking skills.

Social Studies

The integration of the Turn and Talk strategy in social studies classes has been proven to enhance student engagement and promote deeper understanding of historical events and concepts. This section will explore the benefits of using Turn and Talk in social studies classrooms and provide examples of how it can be implemented effectively.

Benefits of Turn and Talk in Social Studies

1. Developing Historical Thinking Skills: Turn and Talk allows students to analyze primary and secondary sources, compare different perspectives, and evaluate the reliability of information, which are all essential components of historical thinking.
2. Promoting Critical Thinking: Social studies classes can benefit from Turn and Talk by encouraging students to think critically about complex issues and events, engage in constructive arguments, and develop their own perspectives.
3. Fostering Collaborative Learning: By engaging in discussions with their peers, students can build on each other’s ideas, deepen their understanding, and develop a more comprehensive view of historical events and concepts.
4. Improving Communication Skills: Turn and Talk encourages students to articulate their thoughts and ideas clearly and listen attentively to their peers, which can help improve their communication skills both in and out of the classroom.

Implementing Turn and Talk in Social Studies

1. Practice Effective Facilitation: The teacher should facilitate the discussion by asking open-ended questions, encouraging all students to participate, and providing prompts when necessary.
2. Use Primary and Secondary Sources: Incorporate primary and secondary sources, such as historical documents, speeches, and photographs, into the discussion to provide a rich context for analysis and interpretation.
3. Connect to Current Events: Connect historical events and concepts to current events and issues to help students understand the relevance of social studies in their daily lives.
4. Establish Ground Rules: Establish clear ground rules for discussions, such as respecting others’ opinions, staying on topic, and actively listening.

By integrating Turn and Talk into social studies classes, teachers can create a more engaging and collaborative learning environment that fosters critical thinking, historical thinking, and effective communication skills.

English Language Learners

English Language Learners (ELLs) face unique challenges in the classroom, particularly when it comes to participating in classroom discussions. These students may struggle with vocabulary, grammar, and cultural references, which can make it difficult for them to contribute to group discussions. However, by incorporating the Turn and Talk strategy, educators can help ELLs overcome these barriers and participate more fully in classroom discussions.

Here are some ways that Turn and Talk can benefit ELLs in particular:

• Building vocabulary: By working in pairs or small groups, ELLs can use the Turn and Talk strategy to practice using new vocabulary words in context. They can also ask their partner for clarification or definition if they don’t understand a word or concept.
• Developing fluency: ELLs often struggle with fluency, as they may not have had as much exposure to English language patterns and structures. The Turn and Talk strategy provides opportunities for ELLs to practice speaking in complete sentences and to work on developing a more natural-sounding fluency.
• Improving comprehension: By engaging in conversation with a partner, ELLs can work to improve their comprehension of complex sentences and ideas. They can also clarify any misunderstandings or confusion they may have about the topic at hand.
• Cultivating confidence: For many ELLs, fear of making mistakes or being misunderstood can be a significant barrier to participation in classroom discussions. The Turn and Talk strategy allows students to practice speaking in a low-pressure environment, which can help build their confidence and willingness to participate in whole-class discussions.

Overall, the Turn and Talk strategy can be a powerful tool for promoting active engagement and participation among ELLs in the classroom. By incorporating this strategy into their teaching practice, educators can help ensure that all students have the opportunity to develop their language skills and participate fully in classroom discussions.

Recommendations for Effective Implementation

Setting Clear Expectations

1. Explain the purpose of the strategy: Begin by clarifying the rationale behind using the Turn and Talk strategy, highlighting its potential benefits for enhancing student engagement, understanding, and collaboration.

2. Provide clear guidelines: Outline the specific steps for implementing the strategy, including when and how students should partner up, how long the discussions should last, and what topics or questions should be addressed.

3. Offer choices: Provide students with options for discussion topics or questions, allowing them to take ownership of their learning and feel more invested in the conversation.

4. Vary partnership arrangements: Rotate partners throughout the year to encourage interaction among different students and reduce the likelihood of students falling into familiar, unchallenged conversation patterns.

Establishing a Supportive Environment

1. Foster a positive climate: Create an atmosphere where students feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and ideas, valuing diversity and differences in opinion.
2. Monitor and intervene: Teachers should circulate around the classroom during Turn and Talk sessions, listening in on conversations and stepping in to support or redirect discussions as needed.

Evaluating and Reflecting on the Strategy’s Impact

1. Gather feedback: Collect both qualitative and quantitative data from students to assess their perceptions of the strategy’s effectiveness and identify areas for improvement.
2. Analyze outcomes: Examine the impact of the Turn and Talk strategy on student engagement, learning outcomes, and overall classroom dynamics, comparing results before and after implementation.
3. Reflect on your practice: Regularly reflect on your own teaching practices, considering how well you have integrated the strategy and whether any adjustments are needed to optimize its benefits.

Future Research Directions

Investigating the Effectiveness of Turn and Talk Strategy in Online Learning Environments

• Examining the potential benefits of using turn and talk strategy in virtual classrooms and online discussions
• Assessing the impact of technology on the implementation and outcomes of turn and talk strategy in online learning environments
• Exploring the challenges and limitations of using turn and talk strategy in virtual settings and how they can be addressed

Exploring the Use of Turn and Talk Strategy in Different Cultural Contexts

• Investigating the effectiveness of turn and talk strategy in diverse cultural contexts and how it may be adapted to meet the needs of different student populations
• Examining the role of cultural norms and values in shaping student participation and engagement in classroom discussions
• Identifying strategies for promoting cultural responsiveness and inclusivity in the use of turn and talk strategy

Studying the Long-Term Impact of Turn and Talk Strategy on Student Learning Outcomes

• Examining the potential long-term benefits of using turn and talk strategy on student learning outcomes, such as improved critical thinking skills and academic achievement
• Investigating the role of turn and talk strategy in fostering a positive classroom climate and promoting student engagement and motivation
• Assessing the sustainability of the benefits of turn and talk strategy over time and across different educational contexts

Comparing the Effectiveness of Turn and Talk Strategy with Other Discussion Techniques

• Conducting a systematic review of the literature on different discussion techniques and their effectiveness in promoting student engagement and learning outcomes
• Conducting empirical studies to compare the effectiveness of turn and talk strategy with other discussion techniques, such as think-pair-share and whole-class discussion
• Identifying the strengths and limitations of different discussion techniques and their suitability for different educational contexts and purposes

FAQs

1. What is the Turn and Talk strategy?

The Turn and Talk strategy is a classroom discussion technique that involves pairing students together and having them discuss a specific topic or question before sharing their responses with the class. This strategy is designed to encourage active participation, build students’ confidence, and foster a sense of community in the classroom.

2. Why is the Turn and Talk strategy effective?

The Turn and Talk strategy is effective because it provides students with an opportunity to process information and organize their thoughts before sharing them with the class. This helps to ensure that students are able to articulate their ideas clearly and confidently, and also allows for more in-depth discussions. Additionally, the strategy helps to promote student engagement and participation, as students are more likely to be invested in the discussion when they have had a chance to contribute their own ideas.

3. How can I implement the Turn and Talk strategy in my classroom?

To implement the Turn and Talk strategy in your classroom, start by selecting a specific topic or question for students to discuss. Then, pair students together and give them a set amount of time to discuss the topic or question. After the designated time, have students share their responses with the class. You can also incorporate the strategy into your lesson plans by including it as a regular component of class discussions, or by using it to facilitate group work or problem-solving activities.

4. What are some variations of the Turn and Talk strategy?

There are several variations of the Turn and Talk strategy that you can use in your classroom. One variation is the Think-Pair-Share strategy, which involves students thinking about a question or topic on their own, discussing it with a partner, and then sharing their responses with the class. Another variation is the Numbered Heads Together strategy, which involves dividing students into small groups and having each group share their responses to a question or topic with the class. You can also modify the strategy by using technology, such as online discussion boards or collaborative documents, to facilitate student discussions.

5. How can I assess the effectiveness of the Turn and Talk strategy in my classroom?

To assess the effectiveness of the Turn and Talk strategy in your classroom, you can collect data on student participation and engagement during class discussions. You can also use observation and feedback from students to assess the quality of the discussions and the extent to which students are able to articulate their ideas clearly and confidently. Additionally, you can use assessments such as quizzes or tests to measure the extent to which students are able to apply the concepts discussed during class discussions to new situations.

Teacher Toolkit: Turn and Talk (Secondary)